Malunga nobhedu

Ithusiyenye yeentsimbi zokuqala ezafunyanwa nezisetyenziswa ngabantu, zibomvu-bomvu, zinobunzima obuthile obuyi-8.89, indawo yokunyibilika eyi-1083.4℃. I-Copper kunye nee-alloys zayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuba kakuhle kombane kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu, ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla, ukucutshungulwa okulula, amandla okutsalwa kakuhle kunye namandla okudinwa, ilandela intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium kuphela ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto zesinyithi, kwaye ziye zaba zizixhobo ezisisiseko ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zobuchule kuqoqosho lwesizwe kunye nokuphila kwabantu, iiprojekthi zokhuselo lwesizwe kwanakwimimandla yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lombane, kushishino loomatshini, kushishino lweekhemikhali, kushishino lokhuselo lwesizwe nakwamanye amasebe. I-Copper fine powder yingqokelela eyenziwe nge-ore eluhlaza ethwala ubhedu ekumgangatho ophantsi efikelele kwi-index ethile yomgangatho ngenkqubo yokuphucula kwaye inokunikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo kubanyibilikisi ukuze banyibilikise ubhedu.

I-Copper yintsimbi enzima, indawo yayo yokunyibilika yi-1083 degrees Celsius, indawo yokubila yi-2310 degrees, i-copper ecocekileyo ibomvu-bomvu. I-copper metal inombane olungileyo kunye nobushushu, kwaye umbane wayo uphakathi kwesibini kuzo zonke iintsimbi, ulandela isilivere kuphela. Ubushushu bayo buphakathi kwesithathu, ulandela isilivere negolide. I-copper ecocekileyo ithambile kakhulu, inobukhulu bethontsi lamanzi, inokutsalwa ibe yintambo engama-2,000 eemitha ubude, okanye igoqwe ibe yi-foil ecacileyo ebanzi kunomphezulu webhedi.

 

"I-white phosphor copper plating" kufuneka ithethe "i-phosphorus copper ene-white coating phezu komphezulu". "I-white plating" kunye ne-phosphorus copper kufuneka ziqondwe ngokwahlukeneyo.

Isigqubuthelo esimhlophe -- Umbala wenkangeleko yengubo umhlophe. Izinto zokugquma zahlukile okanye ifilimu yokugquma yahlukile, umbala wenkangeleko yengubo nawo wahlukile. I-Phosphor copper tinning yezixhobo zombane imhlophe ngaphandle kokugquma.

 

Ubhedu lwePhosphorus - ithusi eliqulethe i-phosphorus. Ithusi le-phosphorus kulula ukulixuba kwaye linobuthambile obuhle, kwaye lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zombane.

 

Ubhedu obomvuyi-copper. Igama layo livela kumbala wayo omfusa. Jonga i-copper ukuze ufumane iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ubhedu obomvu lubhedu olucocekileyo oluvela kwimizi-mveliso, iqondo lokunyibilika kwalo liyi-1083 °C, akukho tshintsho lwe-isomerism, kwaye uxinano lwalo luyi-8.9, ngokuphindwe kahlanu kune-magnesium. Lunzima malunga ne-15% kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Lubomvu, lumfusa emva kokwenziwa kwefilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu, ngoko ke ngokubanzi lubizwa ngokuba yi-copper. Lubhedu oluqulathe umlinganiselo othile we-oxygen, ngoko ke lubizwa ngokuba yi-copper equlathe i-oxygen.

Ubhedu obomvu lubizwa ngokuba ngumbala walo obomvu omfusa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba lube yikopolo ecocekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kongezwa inani elincinci lezinto zokususa ioksijini okanye ezinye izinto ukuphucula izinto kunye nokusebenza, ngoko ke lukwahlulwa njenge-alloy yobhedu. Izixhobo zokucubungula ubhedu zaseTshayina zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine ngokwendlela ezibunjwe ngayo: ubhedu oluqhelekileyo (T1, T2, T3, T4), ubhedu olungenaoksijini (TU1, TU2 kunye nobhedu olucocekileyo kakhulu, olungenaoksijini), ubhedu olunyibilikisiweyo (TUP, TUMn), kunye nobhedu olukhethekileyo (ubhedu lwe-arsenic, ubhedu lwe-tellurium, ubhedu lwesilivere) olunenani elincinci lezinto zokudibanisa. Ukuqhuba kombane kunye nobushushu kobhedu kukwindawo yesibini emva kwesilivere, kwaye kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yezixhobo zokuhambisa kunye nezobushushu. Ubhedu emoyeni, amanzi olwandle kunye nezinye ii-asidi ezingezizo zokufaka ioksijini (i-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid enyibilikisiweyo), i-alkali, isisombululo setyuwa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-asidi ze-organic (i-acetic acid, i-citric acid), inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, esetyenziswa kwishishini leekhemikhali. Ukongeza, ithusi linokumelana kakuhle nokudityaniswa kwaye linokwenziwa libe ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezigqityiweyo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokucubungula okubandayo kunye ne-thermoplastic. Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, imveliso yethusi elibomvu yayidlula imveliso iyonke yazo zonke ezinye ii-alloys zethusi.